西双版纳热带雨林的价值、保护现状及其对策

Strategy,protective status and value of tropical rain forestry in Xishuangbanna

西双版纳是中国生物多样性最丰富的地区,国际上确认为重要的生物多样性保护中心,一直是中国生物多样性保护的关键和热点地区,是中国唯一建立热带雨林自然保护区的地区。西双版纳热带雨林是特殊的、罕见的、不可替代的,也是濒危的热带雨林,具有极高的保护价值。早在1959年就开始建立西双版纳国家级自然保护区(2 418 km2),并于1993年成为联合国科教文组织(UNESCO)的“人与生物圈”网络成员。之后,2 0世纪9 0年代初,国家环保总局也在其境内建立了西双版纳纳板河流域国家级自然保护区(261 km2),同时,中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园在20世纪70年代初,也对西双版纳热带雨林的植物进行了迁地保护研究,并在20世纪90年代中期率先开展了“中老跨边界生物多样性保护”、“滇南热带雨林保护与乡村持续发展综合研究与示范”等一系列的保护西双版纳热带雨林的行动,进一步加大了对西双版纳热带雨林的保护,也取得了一些重要进展。然而,随着本地区人口的增长、森林的破碎化、社会经济的发展与保护的矛盾的日益加剧,跨边界保护的巨大困难性等,这些问题对西双版纳的热带雨林及其所蕴涵的生物多样性保护都带来直接威胁。因此加强对西双版纳热带雨林的保护势在必行,作者认为应控制经济林比重,提高森林生态效能,加强自然保护区体系网络建设和生物多样性保护,开展跨边界生物多样性研究与保护行动。同时应尊重和运用土著民族的传统知识,使西双版纳热带雨林及其生物多样性得以有效的保护。

Xishuangbanna is the richest region in biodiversity in China, and was named biodiversity conservation centre in the world, a key area in biogeography and a hotspot for biodiversity in China. And it is the only tropical rainforest nature reserve zone in China, Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest （XTRF） is especial, infrequent, un substitute and rare ＆ endangered tropical rainforest in the world; to protect the XTRF is very important for Chinese biodiversity conservation. From 1960s,the Chinese government has paid much attention to the protection of biodiversity in Xishuangbanna, the Xishuangbanna National Natural Reserve （2 418 km^2） had been established in 1959 by State Forestry Administration, P. R. China, and was approved/admitted asa network member of Man and Biosphere （MAB） by UNESCO in October 1993. In early of 1990s, Nabanhe National Nature Reserve （261 km^2） had been established by State Environmental Protection Administration of China. Otherwise, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Science started to researched and protected the XTRF from 1970s, and it was the first time to hold an issues action and research programmer in middle of 1990s in China, for example, ‘Sino-Lao Trans-boundary Biodiversity Management and Development’and ‘synthetically research and demonstration of tropical rainforest and rural sustainable development in southern of Yunnan province’etc. and obtained good and considerable achievements. But insufficient current measures, the population increase of Xishuangbanna region, forestry fragment and contradiction between social ＆ economic and forestry protection etc. threaten the protection of the XTRF. Therefore, we need to further improve and strengthen the XTRF, by controlling the proportion of man-economic forestry, enhance to build the network of Natural Reserve and implemented action of trans-boundary biodiversity conservation. Otherwise, we should respect and apply traditional knowledge of original peoply for biodiversity conservation.