东北黑土区水土保持措施减沙效益监测

Benefits of sediment reduction of soil conservation practices in the black region of Northeast China

为给大面积开展黑土地水土流失治理提供科学的理论依据,在东北黑土区水土流失综合防治试点工程中选择4条重点小流域设置28个径流小区,进行水土流失监测及措施保土效益对比分析。通过对2年监测成果的分析,认为:“试点工程”中所采取的几种主要坡面治理措施,其保土减沙效益十分显著———水平梯田措施最好,减少土壤流失量高达99.5%;其次是地梗植物带和水平坑措施,减少土壤流失量为95.2%;荒山荒坡灌木埂措施为80.2%;改垄措施为64.6%;生态自然恢复稍低些,为49.9%。

A pilot project of comprehensive control of soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China was started by the central government in 2003. Meanwhile the soil erosion monitoring was carried out within the project. In order to make certain soil erosion control measure in black soil region and provide the base of scientific theory for soil erosion control in extensive areas. The ways of research is to compare and analysis the data from 28 plots in 4 key watersheds, and then, statistic the benefit from various soil erosion control measures. The result showed the conservation benefit as below： Soil conservation practices in slope area adopted in the pilot project are notablely effective, they should be spread in extent areas. The ranking result of conservation function from various soil erosion control measures are. the best measure for soil conservation is terrace, with 99.5 % of soil conservation efficacy; the contour ringing combining vegetation strips and Cut-off drain, with 95.2 % of soil conservation efficacy; the shrub strips with 80.2 %, and contour tillage with 64.6 % of soil conservation efficacy respectively; the soil conservation efficacy from natural ecosystem rehabilitation is little bit lower, account of 49.9 %.