论晚明生员的弃巾之风

Analysis of the Popularity of Intellectuals'Abandoning their Social Status in the Late Ming Dynasty

明代晚期,生员弃巾蔚然成风。探其原因,主要有三点：一、科举入仕道路的壅塞,将大量士人拒之门外；二、受阳明心学影响,晚明士人普遍以“狂”自居,不屑走科举仕进之路；三、明清易代,为尽士节而弃巾。生员弃巾后,又面临着生存方式和人生道路的选择问题,他们或教书,或学艺、或经商,或为僧,但成为山人的最为普遍,反映了晚明士人的独特生活方式。

Intellectuals＇ ＇abandoning their social status became a common practice in the late Ming Dynasty. There were 3 main reasons for it. First, the block of imperial examination system broke Sheayuan＇s dreams into pieces. Second, it was intellectuals＇ preposterous character that made them abandon traditional imperial examination way. Third, when the Ming Dynasty was substituted by the Qing Dynasty, some intellectual abandoned their social status to show their integrity. After resigning, they faced another problem of how to choose their life styles. Some of them became teachers, technicians, businessmen or monks, but most of them were Shanren. The popularity of Shanren reflected the special life styles of literators in the late Ming times.