医务人员对HIV/AIDS患者的羞辱与歧视认知现状及干预探讨

Study on HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination among medical staff and related interventions

目的调查医务人员对艾滋病病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)患者羞辱与歧视的认知现状,分析存在羞辱与歧视的原因,探讨如何减少和消除医务人员对HIV/AIDS患者羞辱与歧视的方法。方法通过个别访谈和小组访谈,了解医务人员对HIV/AIDS患者羞辱与歧视的具体表现。采用不记名问卷的方法对283名医务人员进行调查,进行AIDS的预防及治疗、职业防护和如何认识羞辱与歧视等内容的培训。通过前后问卷比较进行效果评价。结果受训者对AIDS相关知识、职业防护意识和能力、对羞辱与歧视的认知有明显提高,但行为态度改变不明显。结论在医务人员中对HIV/AIDS患者的羞辱与歧视广泛存在并被忽略。通过培训提高了医务人员对HIV/AIDS羞辱与歧视的认识及了解,教育培训是解决这一问题的可行的方法。

Objective To investigate HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination in medical workers and related interventions. Method HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination among medical workers were investigated through personal interviews and group discussions. Anonymous questionnaires were specifically administered in 283 medical workers to understand their current awareness and educate them to enhance AIDS related knowledge and eliminate among them stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS and the results of education were assessed. Result Through education understanding about HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination among medical workers was improved,but no evident behavioral changes was observed among them. Conclusion HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination widely exist in medical workers, but they are largely ignored. Through investigation and education their awareness related to HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination is improved and so education is a practical approach to eliminating such stigma and discrimination.