腾发量的测定和计算方法研究综述

Review on the Measuring and Calculation Methodologies of Evapo-transpiration

介绍了测定和计算腾发量的方法,对主要方法的原理特点、适用范围及实际中存在的问题进行了分析。水文法适用性强,不受时间和气象下垫面的限制,可用于一周以上或较长时间段的总腾发量的测定;遥感技术的应用大大提高了区域腾发量的测量精度;蒸渗仪法简单易行,结果也比较精确;微气象学法不破坏下垫面,适用于整齐均一的作物与林木腾发量的测定;植物生理学法适用于植物个体腾发量的测定。在计算方法方面,应用Penman-monteith方程等单一模型较多,但研究上已转向可估算不同植物类型腾发的多层模型和SPAC系统模型。互补相关模型也在估算区域腾发上得到应用。

This paper introduces the measuring and calculating methods of evapotranspiration and analyzes the theoretical characteristics, application scope and conditions, and problems existing in practical uses of the main methods. Hydrological methods have good applicability, which are not limited by time, meteorological elements, ground surface, and can be used to measure evapotranspiration for one week or longer period. With the application of remote sensing, the accuracy of measurement of regional evapotranspiration has been greatly improved. Lysimeter method is simple and easy to use, and the measurement accuracy of it is high. Micrometeorological approach dose not destroy ground surface, and suits for the measurement of a single crop or forest region. Plant physiological metbods are applicable to measure evapotranspiration of an individual tree. From the aspect of calculation, the single models such as Penman-monteith model are most often employed. But for research, multi layer models, which estimate evapotranspiation of different canopies, and SPAC system models have found more and more uses, Complementary relationship models have been applied as a metbod to calculate the regional evapotranspiation.