常见可燃物燃烧特性实验与数值模拟研究

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Research on Burning Characteristics of Common Combustible Materials

基于室內常见可燃物的实际火灾危险性研究的重要性,利用锥形量热计对室内常见木材、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)材料在50 kW／m2辐射能量条件下的点燃性能、热释放性能、烟气毒性及烟气的减光性进行了实验研究.使用火灾区域模拟软件CFAST对单个房间内这几种可燃物的实际火灾危险性进行了对比分析．结果表明:PVC和PMMA的点燃时间低于木材,而其平均热释放速率、最大热释放速率、总释放热量、平均有效燃烧热、平均质量损失速率、平均比消光面积等指标均高于木材;PVC具有较高的减光性和CO生成率.PVC和PM- MA的综合火灾危险性高于木材,而PMMA的综合危险性远高于其他几种可燃物．

Based on the importance of fire hazard research of common indoor combustibles, the ignitability, heat release, smoke toxicity and specific extinction area of three kinds of wood, PVC and PMMA were studed with a cone calorimeter at an external heat flux of 50 kW/m^2. The fire risks of a single room with these materials were numerical simulated by CFAST, a fire zone simulation software. The results show that the ignition time of PVC and PMMA is less than wood, while other parameters of burning characteristics, such as the average heat release rate（HRR）, the peak HRR, the total heat released, the average effective heat of combustion, the average mass loss rate and the average specific extinction area of PVC and PMMA are all greater than wood. PVC has a greater specific extinction area and a higher yield of CO than other combustible materials. PVC and PMMA have greater fire risk than wood has, and PMMA is far more dangerous than other combustible materials in fires.