自由企业制度的体制意蕴

The Institutional Implication of Free Enterprise System

企业制度具有三个层级:第一个层级是自由企业制度;第二个层级是自由企业制度的三种表现形式,即业主制、合伙制和公司制;第三个层级是业主制、合伙制和公司制所具有的企业制度特征。而现实中人们往往在第三个层级上理解企业制度,这种认知局限产生了实践中的片面公司制。文章提出,我国改革和发展的实践对自由企业制度具有强烈的需求,自由企业制度是产生市场经济主体的前提,是市场经济的根本性制度;产权制度的两个重要内生机制——激励机制和约束机制是自由企业制度宏观有效性的基础;与市场经济相适应的政府制度是自由企业制度建立的前提;自由企业制度是建立现代产权制度进而建立现代企业制度的根本依托,是市场经济体制趋于成熟的必然选择。

The author puts forward that there are three layers of enterprise system. But in reality, we usually pay attention to enterprise on the third layer, and this kind of limitation leads to unilateralism, Practices of China＇s reform and development appeal to the establishment of free enterprise system. Free enterprise system is the precondition of the emergence of market economy mainbodies, is the fundamental system of market economy. Two mechanisms of property right system are the basis for validity of free enterprise system. Government system compatible with market economy is the precondition to establishing free enterprise system, which is in turn the support for the establishment of modern property system and modern enterprise system, and the logical choice of market economy.