中国城市综合灾害风险管理现状与对策

Issues and strategies for integrated urban disaster risk management in China

世界性城市灾害的加剧已成为城市化进程中的一大障碍,它也是城市化过程的产物。如何协调城市化过程与城市综合灾害风险管理,已成为当今世界、特别是像中国这样的发展中国家可持续发展的一大难题。在综述了中国城市灾害及其风险管理现状的基础上,通过对其薄弱环节的综合分析,依据作者提出的综合灾害风险管理模式,就中国城市综合灾害风险管理对策提出了3条政策建议:即完善城市灾害风险管理的信息保障机制,特别是灾害预警体系、信息共享体系和信息公开机制;加强城市综合减灾能力的建设,特别是明确城市建设中减灾工程与非工程设施投入的固定比例,完善减灾教育宣传体系和综合灾害应急响应的科技平台体系;建立城市综合灾害风险管理范式,特别是高度重视城市规划中综合减灾规划的改进和完善,加快拓展城市企业灾害保险与再保险和发展适应城市灾害风险的“安全社区”范式。

Increasing urban disaster is partly an outcome of urbanization, but now it has become a big obstacle during the ongoing urbanization. How to manage integrated urban disaster risk in urbanization context has been a difficult problem in the whole world, especially in the developing countries like China. This paper reviews the current status of disaster risk management in China, and makes an comprehensive analysis of their weak aspects. Based on the above analysis and the integrated disaster risk management mode, which has been put forward by the authors, this paper brings forward some policy suggestion for integrated urban disaster risk management in China, namely： （1） improving information guarantee system for integrated urban disaster risk management, especially on monitoring, early warning system, and improving information share and transparency; （2） strengthening urban disaster reduction ability, especially on ensuring adequate amount of investment, fixing the proportion of investment in disaster reduction projects to total investment in urban construction, reinforcing disaster reduction education and propaganda system, and improving disaster reduction technology; （3） establishing integrated urban disaster risk management mode, especially improving integrated disaster reduction planning in urban planning, popularizing enterprises＇insurance and reinsurance, and developing safe community paradigm to adapt urban disaster risk.