气候变化和人类活动对内蒙古生态环境的影响

Influence of climatic change and humanity activities on ecological environment in eastern area of Inner Mongolia

利用近50多年来的气象、社会经济和遥感监测等资料,分析了气候变化和人类活动对内蒙古东部地区生态环境的影响。结果表明:(1)该地区气温呈明显的上升趋势,降水量的波动性较大,但从1998年之后呈快速的下降态势,目前正处于暖干化的气候期。气候的变干、变暖,使得内蒙古东部地区的生态环境呈不断恶化趋势。(2)不同的地区,人类活动的影响程度是不同的。对处于同一气候区的呼伦湖和贝尔湖区域,由于人口分布密度、工业化程度等的不同,使得人类活动对呼伦湖区域生态环境演化影响较大,而对贝尔湖区域生态演变的影响相对较少。(3)内蒙古东部地区生态环境的演化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果。人类活动对生态环境的影响有正反两方面的效应,特别是随着经济发展、人口增长以及对农牧业产品等物质需求的增加而引起的不合理经济活动的影响是不容忽视的。

Using meteorology, social economy and remote sensing monitor data in nearly more than 50 years, this paper analyzed the climatic change and the influence of humanity activities on the ecological environment in eastern area of Inner Mongolia. The results show that air temperature appears as a remarkable raise trend and precipitation fluctuated obviously, however, decreased rapidly after 1998. At present, climate is in warm desiccation period. The climate changes into drying and wanning will cause the deterioration of ecological environment in eastern area of Inner Mongolia. The influence of the humanity activities is different in different area. Areas of Hulun Lake and Beier Lake are in the identical climatic region, but the difference of population distribution density and industrialization extent makes the ecological environment evolution influence in Hulun Lake more serious than in Beier Lake. Evolution of the ecological environment in eastern area of Inner Mongolia is a result due to action of the climatic change and the humanity activity together. The humanity activities influence on the ecological environment has positive and negative two aspect effects, and along with economical development, population increase, material demand increase, the influence of unreasonable economic activity is not negligible.