茯苓多糖与产地及炮制方法的关联性研究

The correlation between polysaccharides isolated fromthe sclerotium of Poria cocos and different habitat andprocessing methods

共收集了云南、广西、贵州、湖南、安徽等5省区不同菌种和炮制方法的茯苓样品15份,脱脂后分别用0.9%NaCl水溶液、120℃热水、0.5mol/LNaOH水溶液和88%甲酸溶液从茯苓中提取出了6种多糖,并测定此6种多糖的含量以确定茯苓多糖含量与产地及炮制方法的关联性。对PCS4-A多糖组分进一步使用1HNMR测定了-(1→3)/β-(1→6)糖苷键的摩尔比。结果表明:茯苓中碱溶性多糖PCS3-B组分是茯苓多糖的主要组分,占总多糖的90%以上。比较茯苓多糖的含量,实际上是比较PCS3-B组分的含量差异。在所选择的产地范围内,以云南省的样品PCS3-B组分含量最高,其总多糖含量亦高。不同的炮制方法对茯苓多糖组分含量有较大影响,同一产地、同菌种、同一栽培条件下,烤制的茯苓,其主要组分PCS3-B的含量高于晒制的茯苓;但同一产地,同一炮制方法时,茯苓多糖的主要组分含量亦相差较大,表明产地并非影响茯苓多糖含量的决定因素,茯苓多糖含量可能还与菌种、培养基材等性质有关。茯苓多糖的PCS4-A组分的-(1→3)/β-(1→6)糖苷键的摩尔比与产地有很密切的关系,但与炮制方法无关,云南产地样品的分支化度最低。

Fifteen samples of Poria cocos of different varieties and processing methods were collected from five habitats in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and Anhui provinces in China, Six polysaccharides were extracted sequentially from the defatted samples using 0.9% NaCl（PCS 1）, hot water（PCS 2）, 0.5mol/L NaOH （PCS 3-A and PCS 3-B）, and 88% formic acid （PCS 4-A and PCS 4-B）, and the contents were determined to identify the correlation between the polysaccharides of Poria cocos and different habitat and processing methods. The molar ratio of （1→3）- to （1→6）-linked units in the polysaccharide PCS 4-A was obtained from the 1H NMR spectra. The results indicated that the polysaccharides PCS 3-B is the main component of the sclerotium of Poria cocos, accounts for more than 90% of the total polysaccharides. Therefore. the content of polysaccharides PCS 3-B can be used to identify the correlation of habitats and processing methods instead of total sugars. The samples produced in Yunnan province has showed the highest content of the polysaccharides PCS 3-B. The processing method is also a factor which affect on the content of the polysaccharides. Parched samples showed a higher content of PCS 3-B, suggested the effect of habitats is not the sole factor. The molar ratio of （1→3）-to （1→6）-linked units in the polysaccharide PCS 4-A showed close correlation with habitats but processing method. The Poria cocos produced in Yunnan has the least （1→6）-Iinked branches.