社区主导的自然保护

Community-oriented Nature Conservation

过去的30年，各国政府和国际社会对自然资源的保护进行了种种尝试和不懈的努力，世界范围内已经建立的、数量可观的、政府主导的自然保护区可以为证。但这些政府主导的保护实践似乎并没有能够有效地保护自然资源并遏制贫困，反而在增加政府预算和成本的同时，导致当地社区发展的空间与机会受到限制，返贫现象严重，社区与保护区的冲突增加。从社区的立场出发，分析了以社区为主导的自然保护的概念、表现形式和存在的原因，并建议在自然保护的立法方面肯定社区保护组织的法律地位。鼓励其发展并将其纳入正规的保护系统中珍视。

In the past 30 years, the governments and international community carried on all sorts of attempts and untiring efforts to the natural resources protection. And they have already set up government- oriented nature reserves in considerable quantities in the whole world. But the govemment-leading protection practice seems to fail to protect natural resources and contain the poverty effectively, while increasing government＇s budget and cost instead, lead to the fact that space and chance of local community development are limited, it is serious to return to the poor phenomenon, conflict of community and the protection zone increase, and then it is to turn into the tense relation between community and government. In views of community, the paper analyzes the concept, expression form and existing reason of community-oriented nature conservation, propose affirming its legal status in the legislation of nature conservation, encourage its development and bring it into protection system on the right path to value.