血液透析患者出血危险因素评估与应对能力的训练

Evaluation of Hemorrhage Risk Factors in Hemodialysis Patients and Coping Training

目的评估维持性血液透析患者的出血危险因素,设计个体化健康教育方案,提高患者的自我保护能力。方法采用出血危险因素与应对能力评估表对189例血液透析患者评估,根据评估结果将患者的出血危险分为平均、中度、高度危险3组,设计个体化训练方案,进行针对性的健康教育训练。结果高龄、生活不能自理及透析时间长的患者具有较高的出血危险(P<0.01),经个体化教育后患者的应对能力明显提高(P<0.01)。结论让患者掌握相关知识、学会监测出血倾向、提高自我救治能力,是减少血液透析患者出血风险的重要手段。

Objective To design individual project of healthy education and enhance self-protective ability through evaluating hemorrhage risk factors in patients with hemodialysis. Methods A total of 189 hemodialysis patients were evaluated with risk factors of hemorrhage using self-designed forms. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their risk degree of hemorrhage ： average risk group, moderate risk group and high risk group. Individual projects of health education were developed and implemented on the patients. Results The high risk patients were the aged, the ones who lack of self care, and the ones with prolonged dialysis time（ P 〈0.01 ）. The coping ability was significantly improved after individualized education（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Learning related knowledge and hemorrhage self-monitoring and enhancing the ability of self-care are important to decrease risk of hemorrhage for hemodialysis patients.