植物转基因技术创新中的伦理问题与道德责任

The Ethical Issues and Moral Responsibilities in the Innovation of Genetically Modified Technology

转基因技术是利用分子生物学技术将具有一种生物性状的基因分离转移到另一种不具备这种性状的生物中去的技术,它的出现使植物育种发生了革命性的变革。由于转基因技术创新打破了物种界限,使不同物种间的基因可以进行前所未有的新组合,其可能造成的危害难以预见,这就使转基因技术创新呈现前所未有的复杂性,并不可避免地会引发很多全新的社会伦理问题,引出种种有关生物科学家的道德责任和学术自由的哲学争论。在转基因植物技术创新中,功利主义的预设和学术自由的主张必须以人类的价值、尊严和社会公正为前提条件。相关领域的科学家必须担当起必要的道德责任,把握好伦理横杆,以促使转基因植物技术创新沿着科学的轨道健康发展。

Genetically modified technology （GMT） means transferring some biological genes to other biological species by molecular biology technology, so as to make it appears some characteristics, which don＇t belongs to the original species. This technology caused a revolutionary in plant breeding. As genetically modified technology innovation breaks the species boundaries between different species, brings some new genes combinations and unpredictable danger. So these facts make GMT innovation complicated. And inevitably it will lead to new social and ethical problems, lead to a lot of controversies about the moral responsibility of biological scientists and the academic freedom. When we talked about GMT innovation , the human values, dignity, social justice and freedom of academic must be considered a prerequisite. The related scientists must take necessary moral responsibility, to made the development of GMT innvation be scientific and rational.