大型枢纽机场可达性量化的初步研究

Some Studies of the Accessibility of Large Aeronautic Hub

为了定量地研究大型枢纽机场的地面交通组织系统,首先阐明了单独研究机场可达性的意义,提出了使用通达成本来描述机场可达性的新的方法,从而用化为货币形式的成本来衡量可达性.主要从快捷性,经济性和舒适性三方面来计算成本.为了量化抽象的舒适性,提出了通过“旅行者的疲劳恢复时间”来间接转化的方法。最后按照人群,地区的划分计算总通达成本加权平均.在数据的处理上,提出了使用Logit模型对两个重要参数进行标定和校正.最后,给出了几个简化算例,重点对上海浦东国际机场进行了可达性评价,然后简要地将其与其他两个国际机场进行了横向比较.结果表明:舒适性是一项不可忽略的可达性衡量指标,我国机场的可达性较国外有待提高.

To analyze the performance of the surface transportation system of large aeronautic hub quantitatively, the paper presents at first the meaning of the accessibility of an airport and the importance of researching it. For evaluating the accessibility, the paper uses a new concept called the cost of access, which is described as money. It includes three parts as the time, the tragic fare and the cost related to comfort, which is the most abstract and difficult to quantify. To solve this problem, the paper proposes to use a new variable which means ＇ ＇the time for recovering from fatigue and discomfort. ＇ ＇ After multiplying the coefficients of importance which denote the proprieties of different types of people, we can calculate the average of the cost of access, which finally, describes the accessibility. For calibrating two crucial coefficients, the paper proposes to use the Logit Model. At last, the paper gives some examples of a simple calculation for the Shanghai Pu Dong Airport, and compares it with another two international airports. The conclusion is ： Comfort is an important factor which cannot be neglected. Airports in China need to improve their accessibilities compared with other international ones.