单家寺稠油催化水热裂解实验研究

An Experimental Study on Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Shanjiasi Heavy Oil

实验考察了一种商品水溶性钼盐催化剂（代号A）和一种自制油溶性钼盐催化剂（代号B）对胜利单家寺稠油水热裂解的催化效能。实验稠油50℃黏度111．469Pa·s，含S0．42％，含胶质46．5％，含沥青质16．5％，H/C=1．68。在加水量10％、水热裂解温度260℃、时间24小时条件下，催化剂B在加量0．05％～0．15％范围降黏率维持高值，加量0．08％时最高，催化剂A在加量0．2％时降黏率有明显的峰值；0．08％催化剂B的催化效能明显好于0．2％催化剂A，裂解后稠油的降黏率、含硫、含胶质、含沥青质和H／C值分别为71．2％和62．3％，0．23％和0．29％，26．3％和32．6％，10．3％和11．4％，1．70和1．69；当加水量增大时（≥5％），0．2％催化剂A的催化效能增大，加水量20％时达到最佳，此时水热裂解后稠油的降黏率、含胶质、含沥青质分别为65．8％，27．2％、10．6％；催化剂B在加水量5％时催化效能差，加水量在10％～50％范围时催化效能基本不变。根据不同温度下沥青质含量和降黏率随水热裂解时间变化，在0．08％催化剂B存在下水热裂解速率和程度均随温度升高而增大，最后均趋于平衡，280℃、12小时的降黏率为72％左右，240℃、24小时为64％左右，180℃、24小时为20％左右。用作稠油水热裂解催化剂的钼盐，油溶性的优于水溶性的。图3表2参5。

The catalystic efficiency （CE） of a commercial water soluble Mo salt catalyst, A, and a specially prepared oil soluble Mo salt catalyst, B, is investigated for aquathermolysis （Ath） of heavy crude oil （HCO） of Shanjiasi, Shengli; the HCO is of viscosity of 50℃ 111.469 Pa·s and contains 0.42% surfur （S）, 46.5% resin （R）, 16.5% asphaltene （As） with H/C= 1.68. Under conditions of 10% water charge （WC）, Ath temperature 260℃ and ATh time 24 hrs, the viscosity reduction rate （VRR） for aquathermolyzed HCO keeps high values at dosage of 0. 05-0 .15 % B, reaching a maximal value at dosage of 0.08% 13, and has a notable peak value at dosage of 0.2% A; the CE of 0.08% 13 is much better than that of 0.2% A： the VVR, the S, R, and As contents, and the H/C ratio obtained areof 71.2% and 62.3%, 0.23% and 0.29%, 26.3% and 32.6%, 10.3% and 11.4%, and 1.7 and 1.69 for 0. 08% B and 0.2% A used, respectively. The CE of 0.2% A increases with increasing WC and reaches optimum at WC= 20%, at which the VRR and the R and As contents of aquathermolyzed HCO is of 65.8%, 27.2%, and 10.6%, respectively; the CE of 0.08% B is poor at WC= 5% and is satisfactory and practically stable at WC= 10-50%. The curves of As content and VRR vz ATh time show that the ATh rate and extent with 0.08% B increase with increasing ATh temperature at the initial stage and approximate to an equilibrium with a VRR being of 72% at 280℃ in 12 hrs, 64% at 240℃ in 24 hrs, and 20% at 180℃ in 24 hrs. Oil soluble Mo salts are prior to water soluble ones when used as catalyst for ATh of HCOs.