明清时期关中地区小型水利述论

On small water conservancy in Guanzhong area in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,关中地区罕有汉唐时那种大型水利工程出现,小水利的兴修却蔚然成风,水平很高,形式多样,主要有对小河流的水利开发,充分利用泉流,大力推广井灌和涝池的普及。关中水利的这种嬗变使得当时的水利水平达到了一个新高度,这些在当时水利农具和农书的进步,灌区的拓展和水利设施的管理上得以充分体现。这种嬗变的出现有其特殊的背景,和当时的自然地理、政治经济以及水工技术的因素密不可分的。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were rarely large water conservancy projects comparable to those in the Han and Tang Dynasties, but small water conservancy became common practice, which had high level and various designs： emboldening little rivers development, making sufficient use of fountains, extending well - irrigation and popularizing rain - storage wells. The water conservancy＇ s conversion of Guanzhong area drove the then irrigation to a new level, which was illustrated in the progress of conservation tools and books of irrigation, the expansion of irrigation＇ s area and the management of water conservancy. The conversion was set in special background, which has a close relation to the physical geography, political economy and hydraulic technique of that time.