冀中南强筋小麦品种品质性状稳定性差异及地域和气候因子效应

Stability Variation and Regional Climatic Impact on Quality of High-gluten Wheat Cultivars in Central-South Region of Hebei

通过多年多地试验研究了河北省中南部优质强筋小麦的品质特点、品质性状稳定性及地域和气候因子的影响。结果表明,参试小麦品种蛋白质含量和稳定时间均达到强筋麦标准,吸水率和湿面筋部分达标,而沉降值均偏低。地点间品质性状稳定性顺序是吸水率>蛋白质含量>湿面筋>沉降值>形成时间和稳定时间。不同品种不同品质性状的稳定性有很大差异,以藁9415是品质性状和品质稳定性较好。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和吸水率随纬度降低而降低,沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间则相反。说明河北南部较中部更适宜强筋小麦种植。开花至成熟期间平均最高气温与形成时间和稳定时间正相关,与蛋白质,沉降值、湿面筋负相关;日照时数和蛋白质含量显著正相关,与形成时间和稳定时间显著负相关;降水量与沉降值显著正相关。因此,灌浆期相对较低气温、较短日照时数和较多降水有利于品质性状的综合提高。沉降值和稳定时间是改善强筋小麦品质的主要限制性状,是育种和栽培上应进一步研究的问题。

Quality variation influenced by regional and climatic factors of high-gluten wheat in central-south of Hebei was investigated in years of 2002, 2003 and 2004. The results indicated that protein contents and stability time of all entries were superior over standard of GB/T17892-1999 for high-gluten wheat, and water absorption rate, dough of some cultivars came up to the standard, while wet gluten content and sedimentation volume were below the standard. Water absorption rate, protein and wet gluten contents were relatively less variable while sedimentation volume, development time and stability time varied considerably. The stability of quality characters of cultivars, of which Gao9415 showed best and most stable, differed from place to place. With the latitude southwards, protein content, wet gluten and water absorption showed a decline tendency, while sedimentation volume, development time and stability time increased. The quality of wheat grown in south Hebei was higher than that in central part. Maximum temperature averaged from anthesis to maturity was correlated positively to grain protein content, sedimentation volume, and wet gluten, and negatively to development and stability time. Sunshine hour was positively correlated to protein content and negatively to development and stability time. Lower temperature, less sunshine and more rainfall would be benificial to to the quality improvement of high-gluten wheat. Sedimentation volume and stability time were the main limiting characters for quality stability over locations, which would be laid on further research for breeding and cultivation