黄土区大型露天煤矿不同复垦模式和年限下土壤肥力的变化——以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例

The Research of the Soil Fertility Changes in Loess Area Large Opencast Coal Mines Different Reclamation Models and Reclamation Years——Taking Pingshuo ATB Opencast Coal Mine as Example

我国工矿区大都处于生态环境脆弱区,露天矿产开采所造成的以土地破坏为主的生态环境破坏最为严重。通过对平朔安太堡露天煤矿不同复垦年限及复垦植被模式下采集的土壤进行土壤养分含量以及物理性状的分析测定,研究不同复垦年限及复垦模式对煤矿区复垦地表层土壤肥力的影响及其变化规律,结果表明不同复垦时间及复垦植被配王方式各有其优势,复垦时闻越长乔木类植物混交林的生物群落越复杂,我们可以在复垦初期种植沙棘防风回沙、涵养水源、保持水土,改善土壤理化性质,进而逐步增加油松、刺槐、榆树、杨树等树种,植被演替类型增加,从而得到长期稳定生长的植物,在搞好生态效益的同时,逐步向经济效益转化,以利矿区的持续发展。

The industrial and mining area of our country is mostly in the ecological environment fragile zone, and the destruction of ecological environment is very serious. A field survey and sampling analysis for the soil nutrient content and the physical character were conducted in ATB opencast coal mines with different reclamation years and reclamation models to study the impact on soil fertility and change pattern by the different of reclamation years and reclamation models. The result found that different reclamation models and reclamation years have their different advantages, Thebiological community in arbor mixed forest is become more complicated the longer the reclamation years is. The suggestion is that on the initial stage to plant the Hippophae rhamnoides to prevent winds and fix drifting sand , to conserve the water and soil . to improve the physical and chemical property of the soil, to increase varieties of trees such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia. Ulmus pumila, Populus and so on, the evolutionary process of the vegetation species is more complex, thus we can get the plant that grew steadily in a long-term, while serving ecological benefits well, transforming to the economic benefits gradually, in order to the sustainable development of the mining area.