焦作垃圾焚烧厂焚烧灰渣及烟气污染分析

Characterization of Pollution:Bottom Slag,Fly Ash and Flue Gas of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in Jiaozuo

为确定焦作垃圾焚烧厂生活垃圾焚烧后主要二次污染物的种类及其含量,了解烟气处理设备的处理状况,于2005年10月对焚烧炉渣和飞灰及2006年3月对同批次生活垃圾焚烧炉渣、飞灰和烟气进行了监测,对灰渣浸出毒性的测定及烟气成分进行分析。结果表明:飞灰浸出液中总镉、总铅、总铍的浓度均高于焚烧炉渣浸出液及固体废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,认为飞灰是一种危险废物。在正常工况下,烟气成分中主要污染物是氯化氢气体,其含量略微超过了生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准值。生活垃圾经焚烧后,重金属铅、镉在飞灰中富集的量最大,炉渣和烟气中分布较少。旋风+半干法脱酸+布袋除尘设施是值得提倡的组合。

In order to confirm the kinds and contents of the secondary pollutant and obtain the assessment of the treatment equipments of flue gas, the bottom slag and fly ash of municipal solid waste incineration （MSWI） in Jiaozuo, in October 2005, bottom slag and fly ash and flue gas of MSWI were monitored respectively in March 2006. Determination of bottom slag leaching toxicity and flue gas composition were analysed. The results showed that the contents of total Cd, total Pb and total Be in the fly ash leaching solution were higher than that in the bottom slag and solid waste leaching toxicity distinction standard respectively, so the fly ash could be considered as a dangerous waste. Under the normal situation, the main pollutant of flue gas was the hydrogen chloride gas which surpassed slightly the contamination control standard value of MSWI. The heavy metal lead, cadmium in the distribution after MSW incinerated in fly ash were enriched in quantity, but that were lower in the slag and flue gas. The combination of cyclone collector ＋ semi - dry process deacidification ＋ cloth dust collector is worth advocating treatment facility for the flue gas.