虚构理论的困境及解决途径探索

Exploration of the Predicament about the Theory of Literary Fiction and Countermeasures

文学虚构理论真正成熟的阶段是在现代主义时期。在这一时期,众多的文论家和美学家开始把虚构视为文本获得文学性的根据,虚构也因此具有了本体论意义。而到了后现代主义时期,虚构则因其不断泛化而失去边界,变得无法进行界定了,文学虚构自身因此被消解了。如何克服虚构理论的这种困境呢?本文试提出虚拟意向关系这一新的范畴,并依此代替虚构范畴来重新定位文学、定位审美现象。

The mature stage of the theory of literary fiction is in the modem period. In this period, The fiction is regarded as a necessary component for the text to possess the characteristics of literature by multitudinous literary theorists and aesthetic theorists. So the fiction possesses the essence of ontology. In the period of postmodernism when everything dispelled, the fiction existed everywhere. The term of the literary fiction began to lose its border and hard to define. How to overcome this kind of predicament about the theory of literary fiction？ This paper tries to put forward the new category and fictitious purpose relation, replace the category of fiction, re-orientate the literature, and orient the aesthetic phenomenon.