老庄思想及儒道互补对中国文化精神的影响

On the Influence of Multuac Complement of Confucianism and Taoism to Chinese Culture

中国文化是以儒家精神为主导,以道家思想为补充的,儒家思想是入世的、功利的,道家思想则是出世的、超然的;儒家主张阳刚,道家强调阴柔。二者的互补与融合,对铸就民族的文化心态和民族文化精神产生了极大的影响。一般来讲,封建社会的士人和官吏,处于顺境,儒家意识占上风;处于逆境,道家意识来抚慰。或儒或道,各取所需。道家的贵柔守雌学说作为儒家刚毅进取精神的补充,作为一种智慧,是以柔克刚,以退为进,以静制动,“无为而无不为”,强调的不是无为,而是达到“无不为”的手段和方式。从这种意义上讲,道家思想为中华民族的文化提供了丰富的政治策略,至今依然具有借鉴意义。

Chinese culture is dominated by confucianism and complenmented by Taoism. Confucianism is secular and utilitarian, while ＂Faoism isaloof and detached. Confucianism focuses on manliness while Taoism on mildness. They complenment and melt each other, which gives a great influence to Chinese culture. Generally speaking, the feudal lords and officials would rather hold confucianism than Taoism if they were in favourable condition And when they were in trot, ble, they needed Taoism for comforts, instead of Confucianism. As a wisdom, Taoism stressed on doing everything by doing nothing. It provided Chinese culture with changeable political stratcgies which arc still useful to the modern China.