鄱阳湖区人群土源性线虫感染与土壤污染状况调查

Investigation on prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections and edaphic contamination status in Poyang Lake region

目的了解鄱阳湖区进贤县4个村土壤中土源性线虫卵污染情况及其与人群感染率的关系。方法在4个村131户农户的庭院、客厅、厕所、菜园4处采集土壤,土壤寄生虫卵检查采用饱和硫酸镁离心漂浮法,人群土源性线虫检查采用Kato-Katz法。结果4个村共调查1210人,蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫感染率分别为26.26%、65.26%、1.74%。土壤样本共检查131户,蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、钩虫卵检出率分别为58.02%、77.86%、3.82%。相关分析表明,4个村人群土源性线虫感染率与土样中土源性线虫卵检出率非常显著正相关(γ=0.995,P<0.01),其中人群蛔虫感染率与土样蛔虫卵检出率显著正相关(γ=0.954,P<0.05),人群鞭虫感染率与土样鞭虫卵检出率非常显著正相关(γ=0.991,P<0.01)。131户农户的菜园、厕所、庭院、客厅的蛔虫卵检出率依次为48.86%、47.53%、45.04%、34.35%,鞭虫卵检出率依次为66.40%、74.23%、54.20%、45.04%。蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵的每克土壤虫卵数均以菜园和厕所较高。土样中还查到其他寄生虫卵和成虫。结论鄱阳湖区进贤县的4个村土壤中土源性线虫卵检出率与人群感染率之间非常显著相关。

Objective To investigate the edaphie contamination of soil transmitted helminth eggs and the infection rate in population in four villages of Jinxian County, Poyang Lake region. Methods Soil samples from four places （courtyard, living room, toilet, kaleyard） of 131 families in four villages were collected, parasite eggs were examined with the saturated bitter salt solution floating method, and the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in population was investigated with Kato-Katz method. Results A total of 1 210 persons were examined, the positive rates of Ascaris lurnbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were 26. 26%, 65.26% and 1.74%, and the total positive rate of soil-transmitted helminth infections was 70.00%. In the soil samples of 131 families examined, positive rates of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworms were 58.02%, 77.86% and 3.82%, respectively, and the correlative analysis indicated that there was a high significant correlation between the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in population and the detection rate of helminth eggs in soil samples （γ= 0. 954 P 〈 0.05）, in which the prevalence of A. lumbricoides infection in population was highly correlated with the detection rate of A. lumbricoides eggs in soil samples significantly （γ= 0. 991 P〈0. 01）, and the prevalence of T. trichiura infection in population was highly correlated with the detection rate of T. trichiura eggs in soil samples（γ=0. 995 P〈0.0l）, In courtyard, living room, toilet, and kaleyard of the 131 families, the positive rates of A. lumbricoides were 48. 86%, 47.53%, 45.04% and 34.35% respectively, the positive rates of T. trichiura were 66.40%, 74.23%, 54.20~, 45.04%. In toilet and kaleyard, both of the infection density （EPG） of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were higher. In addition, some other kind of parasites or eggs were found in soil samples. Conclusion In Poyang Lake region, the contamination rate of soil-transmitted helminth eggs is significantly correlated with the population infection rate in the four villages of Jinxian County.