水稻体细胞无性系变异的研究

Somaclonal variation of rice soma

分析了通35、延农糯2号、低amylose突变体、陆奥誉、秋光等5个水稻品种(系)体细胞无性系后代的性状变异.结果表明:水稻体细胞无性系有植株变矮、分蘖增加、每穗总粒数和实粒数减少、结实率和单穗重降低的趋势,株系之间差异很大,其具体表现因品种(系)而不同.在苗期出现白化苗、浅绿苗的分离,体细胞无性系的结实率和花粉可育率呈极显著正相关.体细胞无性系后代的减数分裂期观察到染色体桥、染色体断片、落后染色体及单价体等染色体结构变异.

The character variations of rice somaclonal posterity about Tong 35, Yannongnuo 2, Low amylose mutant, Mutsuhomare and Akihikari were analysed, which showed that the somaclonal clone had the tendency of becoming short, increasing tiller, decreasing the spikelets per panicle and filled spikelets per panicle and reducing the plump grain rate and panicle weight. The differences of the line were significant and different varieties showed different results. The plants appeared albinism seedling and light green seedling at the seedling stage. The plump grain rate and fertility of pollen appeared marked positive correlation in soma. At meiosis stage, the somaclonal posterity showed that the chromosome structure was variable such as the chromosome bridge, chromosome fragment, backward chromosome and monoploid.