药物滥用与感染

Drug Abuse and Infection

近年,有关成瘾药物与感染性疾病如艾滋病之间关系的研究日渐增多,这些研究显示,滥用的药物如海洛因、大麻、可卡因等不仅影响成瘾者的行为和病生理状态、破坏其免疫系统,阿片类药物还可以增加成瘾者对感染性疾病的易感性。其机制可能是这些药物通过受体直接作用在免疫细胞,或刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴通过糖皮质激素的变化间接影响免疫系统。静脉药物使用者与人类免疫缺陷病毒感染之间的关系使人们认为滥用药物的免疫调节作用是艾滋病进展的重要因素。滥用药物的免疫抑制作用使成瘾者感染性疾病发病率较高,而药物滥用者的生活方式也增加了其暴露于病原体的机会。总之,感染机会增加以及药物介导的免疫调节作用增加了药物滥用者对机会性感染病原体的易感性。

In recent years increased studies on the relationship between addictive drugs abuse and infectious diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） have shown that these drugs, including heroin, marijuana and cocaine, not only alter the abusers＇ neuropsychological and pathophysiological responses, hut also impair their immune functions. The possible mechanisms may include the direct effect on immune cells or an indirect method （ e. g. , stimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis）. The correlation between intravenous drug users （IVDUs） and human immunodeficiency virus infections has led to the proposal that the immunomodulation mediated by additive drugs is a major factor contributing to the progression of AIDS in IVDUs. Immunosuppression caused by drug abuse may increase the susceptibility to opportunistic infections, while drug abusers＇ lifestyles also increase exposure risk to infectious pathogens. In summary, increased infection risks and drug-mediated immunomodulation increase drug abusers＇ susceptibility to infectious pathogens.