柴胡变异类型主要遗传性状的比较研究

Contrastive Study on Main Genetic Characters of Aberrance Types of Bupleurum chinense

在对柴胡群体多年观察的基础上,将柴胡划分为宽叶型、长叶型和中间型3个不同类型,比较研究了3个类型一年生和二年生同生群根、茎、叶等主要遗传性状。研究结果表明:以叶片宽度和长度性状划分的柴胡类型群体间具有明显差异,群体内主要性状具有较大的一致性,是柴胡长期演化形成的性状分化,可以认定为不同的柴胡类型;宽叶型和长叶型柴胡生长势和产量优于中间型,其茎粗明显高于中间型,有利于提高柴胡的抗倒伏性;宽叶型和长叶型根产量也明显高于中间型,特别是宽叶型根产量是中间型的2倍以上;3种柴胡类型的乙醇浸出物含量均高于药典标准,并且宽叶型和长叶型单株乙醇浸出物产量高于中间型。宽叶型和长叶型柴胡是值得深入研究利用的柴胡优良种质资源。

Bupleunan chinense was separated into the following three types, broad leaf type, long leaf type and medium leaf type, on the basis of many-year observation of Bupleurum chinense populations. The main genetic characters of root, stem and leaf of one,year and two-year Bupleunan chinense were studied contrastively. The results showed： The Bupleunan chinense populations separated by leaf breadth and leaf length were significantly different, and the main characters in every population were unusually consistent. Therefore these populations were formative different types in the long evolvement of Bupleurum chinense populations. The broad leaf type and the long leaf type have many better characters than medium leaf type. Firstly, the stem breadth of the broad leaf type and the long leaf type was bigger than that of medium leaf type, and the character was propitious to resisting collapse of Bupleunan chinense. Secondly, the root yield of the broad leaf type and the long leaf type was higher than that of the medium leaf type, and especially the root yield of broad leaf type was 2 times higher than that of the medium leaf type. Thirdly, the content of thing lixiviated by ethanol in the root of 3 types of Bupleurum chinense was higher than the standard of the Chinese Traditional Medicine Codex, and the yield of thing lixiviated by ethanol in the one plant root of broad leaf type and long leaf type was higher than that of the medium leaf type. The broad leaf Bupleurum chinense and the long leaf Bupleunan chinense were two excellent resources worthy of further research and use in Bupleurum chinense populations.