酶催化的动态动力学拆分和去消旋化反应的研究进展

Research progress in deracemization and dynamic kinetic resolution by enzyme catalysis

最近,在外消旋化合物的动态动力学拆分以及去消旋化反应方面,新型催化剂的发现以及反应条件的优化都得到了很大的发展。一些特殊功能团使得它们的化合物可以发生动态动力学拆分或是去消旋反应,如仲醇、α-氨基酸、胺及羧酸。在催化反应过程中,一般都是对映体选择性酶与化学试剂的相结合,化学试剂一般常用于催化非活性对映体发生去消旋反应或是回收去消旋化过程中的中间体。在一些动态动力学拆分中,消旋酶还可以催化对映异构体之间发生互变。

New catalysts and reaction conditions have been devel- oped for the dynamic kinetic resolution(DKR)or deracemization of racemic mixtures of chiral compounds recently.Some specific func- tional groups lead themselves particularly well to this approach,such as chiral secondary alcohols,α-amino acids,amines and carboxylic acids.A general theme of these processes is the combination of an enantioselective enzyme with a chemical reagent,the latter being used either to racemise the unreactive enantiomer or alternatively re- cycle an intermediate in the deracemization process.In some dynamic kinetic resolutions,racemase can be used to interconvert the enanti- omers.