大规模养蚕综合技术体系及其经济效果的研究

Study on the Comprehensive Technological System and its Economic Effect for Large Scale Sericulture

为了改变传统的小规模养蚕生产方式,实现规模化、省力化和低成本的经营目标,开展了大规模养蚕生产综合技术及其经济效果的研究。试验设1户家庭的养蚕经营规模分别为2．67、5．33、8．0hm^2,并以经营0．13hm^2规模的农户为对照区。主要技术内容与体系：桑树栽培管理采用杂交桑密植,全年条桑剪伐收获,除草剂除草,桑园全年免耕等技术；家蚕饲育采用一日收蚁,3～5龄条桑给桑,全龄塑料大棚地面饲养,不除沙,方格蔟自动上蔟等技术。研究结果：各试验区与对照区相比,土地利润率每公顷增加8325～14100元,劳动利润率每个标准工日增加16．5～27．1元,资金利润率增加1．8～3．7元；生产1公斤蚕茧的时间仅为2．4h,与日本的养蚕劳动生产率水平接近。

In order to change small scale traditional sericultural method and realize producting object such as large scale, saving labor and low cost, the authors researched the comprehensive technology and its economic effact for large scale sericulture. In the study, the authors assumed, a farm＇s productive scale are 2.67 hm^2, 5.33 hm^2, and 8.0 hm^2 separately compared with the standard of 0.13 hm^2 farm＇s productive scale. The main content and system for large scale sericulture are. during planting mulberry period, the technologies including planting densely hybridized mulberries, cutting branches in whole year, weeding by herbicide and furrowing-free for mulberry garden in whole year were applied; during raising silkworm period, the technologies including brushing of newly hatched larva in one day, raising 3～5 instars silkworm with branch of mulberry, ground raising in whole instars with plastic shield, litter cleaning free, and silkworm automatic mounting. The results showed that per hectare land profit, per standard work day labor profit and fund profit increased RMB 8 325～14 100, RMB 16.5～27.1 and RMB 1.8～3.7, respectively compared to standard farm＇s sericulture scale. It takes only 2.4 hours to produce 1 kg silkworm cocoon which is close to the level in Japan.