广东某职业院校新生乙肝病毒感染状况调查

Hepatitis infection in newly admitted students of a vocational college in Guangdong province

目的了解新入学大学生中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染状况,评价乙型肝炎疫苗在人群的应用效果,为今后的预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用ELISA法检测2876名新生血清的HBV5项血清标志物。在检测的同时,采用问卷方式调查学生乙肝疫苗的接种情况。结果2876名学生中,HBsAg阳性率为4.62%,男生为5.71%,女生为3.67%,男女生之间有显著差异(P<0.05);HBsAg阳性的5项指标中,以大三阳和小三阳为主,分别占31.58%和51.13%:接种乙肝疫苗的学生1756人,其中男性889人,接种率为61.99%,女性867人,接种率为60.12%,男女大学生差别无显著性(P>0.05)。其中检测出HBsAb阳性者872人(包括接种者和未接种者),阳性率为30.32%,在接种乙肝疫苗人群中检测到HBsAb阳性率为49.66%。结论新生对乙肝病毒的抵抗力较低下,应加强乙肝疫苗接种,经常进行健康教育,防止乙肝在校园的传播。

Objective To investigate the infection rate of HBV in entrant students and evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods The five markers of HBV in 2867 serum specimens were detected by ELISA. The information of HBV vaccine injection was collected through questionnaire. Results The positive rate of HBsAg in 2876 students was 4.62% and the serum HBsAg positive rates in male was higher than female（P〈0. 05）. Among the five patterns of HBsAg＋, the HBsAg＋/HBeAg＋/HBcAb＋ occupied 31. 58% and HBsAg＋/ HBeAb＋/HBcAb＋ occupied 51.13%. The vaccination rate of male and female was 61.99% and 60. 12% respectively in 1756 vaccinated students and there was no statistics difference in gender. The positive rate of HBsAb was 30. 32% in the students in total, and was 49.66% in the vaccinated students. Conclusion The resistance to HBV of entrant students was rather low, therefore, it is necessary for them to receive HHBV vaccine. Health education should also be promoted to prevent the transmission in campus.