防治棉铃虫的高毒农药替代品种研究

Study on Substitutional Insecticides to Replace Hypertoxic Insecticides against Cotton Bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera

采用室内浸卵、浸叶和点滴法以及田间小区试验，对19种杀虫剂防治棉铃虫的作用特点和效果进行了系统研究。室内生物测定结果表明：多杀菌素对棉铃虫卵孵化有较好的抑制作用，90．40mg／L多杀菌素处理后棉铃虫卵的孵化率仅为42．86％；多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的毒杀作用明显，原药稀释1.0×10^4-2．0×10^4倍时可使初孵幼虫死亡率迭100％；昆虫生长调节剂——氟啶脲、氟铃脲、甲氧虫酰肼原药稀释1000倍对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的致死率大于70％，且幼虫的生长受到明显抑制；甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、多杀菌素、毒死蜱、高效氨氰菊酯、丙溴磷、辛硫磷对低、高龄棉铃虫幼虫均具有较好的毒杀效果。田间小区试验结果表明，甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、丙溴磷、高效氯氰菊酯作用效果快且防治效果好，尤其是4000倍甲氨基阿维菌素和5000倍高效氨氟氰菊酯处理后第三天，其对棉铃虫的致死率迭100％；多杀菌素和甲氧虫酰肼作用效果稍差。若在棉铃虫卵高峰期适时施药，供试的6种药剂均可作为防治棉铃虫的高毒农药替代品种。

The effects characters and efficacies of 19 insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera were tested by using laboratorial egg-dipping, leaf-dipping, topical application bioassay and plot tests in the field. The indoor bioassay results showed that the hatching rate of cotton bollworm were significantly suppressed by spinosad,only 42.86% of the eggs hatched after treated by 90.40 mg/L spinosad. High mortalities of neonatal cotton bollworm occurred as they bored out from the eggs treated by methylaminoavermectin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim, profenophos and beta- cypermethrin. All of these insecticides mentioned above are highly toxic to neonates, and their 1.0 × 10^4 - 2.0 × 10^4 times dilutions could kill 100% of the neonates. The results of growth regulators such as chlorfluazuron,hexaflumuron and methoxyfenozide were also effective to neonatal cotton bollworm, 70% of the larvae died after separately treated by 1 000 times dilutions of these insecticides, while the development of survival larvae were obviously inhibited. Methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin ,profenophos and phoxim were equally effective to young and old larvae. The results of plot tests showed that methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, betacypermethrin and profenophos had high and quick effective, the corrected mortalities were 100% after treated with 4 000 times methylaminoavermectin dilution and 5 000 times lambda-cyhalothrin dilution. But the spinosad and methoxyfenozide acted slowly and their efficacies were lower. Consequently,methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, beta-cypermethrin, profenophos and methoxyfenozide can be used as substitutional insecticides to replace hypertoxic insecticides against H. armigera,if only spray insecticides in time at peak egg stage.