新疆宏观经济布局与水战略

Macro-economy Layout and Water Strategy in Xinjiang

21世纪新疆在国家宏观经济发展布局中,将会发挥越来越重要的作用。从国家层面,把新疆定位为“东联西出,向西开放的物流大通道和国家能源、资源陆上安全大通道”;从区内自身发展的层面,把宏观经济布局积极调整到“走适合区情的新型工业化道路,充分发挥资源优势,并努力将资源优势转化为经济优势。大力推进棉花、粮食、特色林果和畜产品四大基地建设。通过新型工业化带动农业产业化,推进城镇化,以城带乡,富裕农民”。本文围绕新疆宏观经济布局及其对水资源支撑保障要求,分析了水资源的分布特征,以及存在的主要水问题,从宏观、中观和微观三个层次,提出了基于可持续利用的水资源合理配置方略,同时,系统地提出了生态环境需水量以及重点流域和区域的生态环境保护目标。

In the twenty-first century, Xinjiang plays an increasingly important role in the layout of national macro-economy development. Macro-economic layout in Xinjiang is actively readjusted so as to create a new industrialization mode suitable to the local conditions, take the advantages of rich resources for building up the economic strength, promote the construction of four bases of cotton, grain, characteristic fruits and forestry and livestock products, develop the new industrialization to drive the agricultural production and urbanization, and make farmers rich. In this paper, the features of water resources distribution and the existing problems are analyzed based on regarding the macro- economic layout and the consumption of water resources in Xinjiang. A plan of rational redistribution and sustainable utilization of water resources is proposed from the macroscoptc, moderate and microcosmic hierarchies. Moreover, the water consumptions for maintaining and regenerating the ecological environment in some important river basins and regions are estimated. It is suggested to expedite the construction of water conservancy projects, pay great attention to the relations between the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources and the industrial layout and to the rational proportions of industrial, agricultural and urban water consumptions based on considering the carrying capacity of water resources, and deal with the relationship between the economic development and the aqueous environment conservation. Water-saving industry and farming should be preferentially supported in Xinjiang.