轮状病毒细胞免疫机制的研究进展

Advances on the mechanisms for cell immunity against rotaviruses

轮状病毒(RV)是婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原,随着对RV感染免疫研究的不断深入,细胞免疫在其发病和疫苗研究中的作用越来越受到重视。T淋巴细胞参与了RV感染的免疫及保护,CD4+T细胞与CD8+T细胞对于RV感染清除均起到非常关键的作用,而且对于不同的RV表位随着时间的变化及组织的不同T细胞的应答也不同。细胞毒性T细胞则通过杀伤RV感染的细胞以清除病毒感染。此外IL-6I、L-2I、L-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ等细胞因子在轮状病毒感染时均有升高,在轮状病毒免疫调节中发挥作用。

Rotaviruses（RV） are the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. With the progress in the understanding of rotavirus infeetious immunity, the roles of cell immunity against RV in the illness and vaccine development have attracted more and more attention. Previous studies have shown that T lymphocytes take part in the immune responses and protect host from of infection. Both CD4^＋ T and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes play critical role in clearing RV infection. T lymphocytes have diverse responses to different RV epitopes in various tissues with time going after infection. The cytotoxic T cells kill the RV infected cells to achieve virus clearance. In addition, multiple cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ, etc. ascend during RV infection, which indicates the important role of the cytokines in immune regulation to RV infection.