论儒家之“道”的审美特征

On the Aesthetical Features of Confucianists' "Tao"

以孔子、孟子为代表的儒家致力于人道的探究,这一明确的价值取向致使儒家之“道”在审美上呈现出中和、至诚、刚健的特征,并对中国美学的发展产生了至深至巨的规范与影响。中和要求美的艺术必须以礼义为法度,规范文学艺术情感的抒发,促使个体感性情欲与社会理想规范处于“中和”状态。不仅如此,它还注重艺术因素的相反相成,主张通过协调对立的两端,达到辩证统一的艺术效果。至诚充分反映了中国古代艺术家解决艺术中情与理之关系的理性思考,由此也形成了中国古代美学和艺术唯“诚”是尚,强调情感意趣的真实抒发的优良传统。刚健以气势的充溢博大而动人心魄,它是一种明朗而圣洁的精神人格美,是一种自强不息、德比天地的人生理想境界。

The Confucianists headed by Confucius and Mencius laid particular stress on seeking the humanity, which formed aesthetical feature of Tao of Confucianists ： to be eclectic, sincere and energetic and exerted a great influence on Chinese aesthetics. Eclecticism claims the arts of aesthetics to accord with the Confucianism and to urge the individual feeling and social norm to be ecletic. Moreover, it lays stress on the unity of opposites of the arts. Sincerity reflects fully ancient Chinese artists＇ thoughts on the relationship between emotion and reason of the arts, thus forms a fine tradition in which ancient Chinese aesthetics and arts upholded sincerity and expressed the true feeling. Energy is a noble beauty of soul and character, which is an ideal realm of life.