小麦核不育×中国春3C二体附加系后代(F_1)的细胞学分析

Cytology analysis of progeny (F_1) from nucleus sterile line ×chinese spring 3C disomic addition on wheat

以小麦核不育×中国春3C二体附加系杂种F1和小麦核不育×普通小麦4E单体附加系杂种F1代为材料,利用细胞学方法研究了花粉母细胞减数分裂期(中期和后期)的染色体及二分体、四分体时期的小核。结果表明,小麦核不育×中国春3C二体附加系杂种F1代在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期出现了3个单价体的染色体构型,后期出现了2个或2个以上的落后染色体,二分体、四分体时期出现了2个或2个以上的小核,在不同的核不育背景中出现的频率各不相同,说明3C染色体在小麦核不育背景中具有诱导染色体断裂的作用,但在不同的小麦核不育背景中诱导染色体断裂的作用各不相同;在小麦核不育×普通小麦4E单体附加系杂种F1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期、后期、二分体和四分体时期也观察到了同样的结果,说明4E染色体同样具有诱导染色体断裂的作用;3C或4E染色体诱导染色体断裂可能是在花粉母细胞减数分裂的多个时期。

The chromosomes variations of the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ ,anaphase Ⅰ ,bispore and quartet in PMC were revealed in F1 hybrids from nucleus male sterile line × Chinese spring 3C disomic addition and wheat nucleus male sterile line × common wheat 4E monosomes addition on wheat by cytology analysis. The results indicated that there were 3 monosomes at meiotic metaphase Ⅰ ,2 or above 2 fall chromosomes at meiotic anaphase Ⅰ, 2 or above 2 Little nucleuses at bispore and quartet in F1 hybrids from wheat nucleus male sterile line ×Chinese spring 3C disomic addition,the frequency was not the same in different hybrids. It showed that 3C chromosome had the action of induce chromosome aberration in different nucleus male sterile,but the action was not same in different nucleus male sterile ;similar results of observation in F1 hybreds from wheat nucleus male sterile line × 4E monosomic addition in common wheat showed that the 4E chromosome had the action of induce chromosome aberration ; and the stage of induce chromosome aberration was discussed.