句法、语义成分的认知语境透视

Analysis of the Syntactic and Semantic Components from the Perspective of Cognitive Context

句法和语义成分是语法研究的两个不可忽视的方面,研究者对它们之间的关系已经趋于一致:语义结构决定句法结构。然而,对于语义结构的来源这一基本问题尚未得到充分研究。文章通过英汉两种语言中的几个个案,试图对语义与句法的相关问题作进一步阐释。结合个案,文章认为语义结构是由认知语境决定的;同时也指出:认知语境对复杂多变的句子形式的解释是不充分的,相关语言现象的解决仍须借助于其它理论。

Syntactical and Semantic components are the two indispensable aspects for the grammatical studies. Researchers seem to have agreed on the dependence of semantic structure on the syntactical structure. Nevertheless, the origin of the semantic structure has little touched in the past related studies. This article, by means of the analysis of some case studies in the English and the Chinese languages, hopes to give a further explanation of the issues related to the syntactical and semantic components. Depending on the cases studies, this article argues that the semantic structure is determined by the cognitive context. Furthermore, it is also indicated that the cognitive context is inadequate for those intricate sentences, the result of which is that other theories are to be used in solving the language phenomena concerned.