国产酸浆属（茄科）的叶表皮和种皮特征及其分类学意义

CHARACTERS OF LEAF EPIDERMIS AND SEED COATS IN PHYSALIS(SOLANACEAE) FROM CHINA AND ITS SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察了茄科酸浆属５种２变种及邻近属２种植物：辣椒和龙珠的叶表皮及种皮特征，发现上述植物的叶上、下表皮细胞表面观形状为不规则形，垂周壁浅波状、波状或深波状；一些类群的气孔器在上、下表皮均存在，另一些类群的气孔器则仅在下表皮存在，其类型一致为无规则型。扫描电镜下叶下表皮的特征，包括角质膜以及气孔外拱盖和拱盖内缘的特征，有一定的分类学价值。此外，种皮纹饰可作为区分酸浆属。

The present paper reports the detailed examination of foliarepidermis, such as the shape of cells, types of stomatal apparatuses and cuticular membrane of 5 species 2 varieties in Physalis and 2 species in related genera, i. e., Capsicum annuum L. and Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch. et Sav.) Makino by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It also presents studies on their seed coats by using SEM. The results indicate that there are no remarkable difference in the foliar epidermal features in the three genera. The stomatal apparatuses are constantly recognized as an anomocytic type in the three genera. Therefore, the character of the stomatal apparatus type has no value for the determination of the three genera. However, some variations of the epidermal cells, such as homomorphic or heteromorphic cell shapes on adaxial and abaxial surfaces, sinuolate, undulate or sinuate anticlinal walls, are of some taxonomic significance in the three genera. On the other hand, the examination of foliar epidermis on abaxial surface under SEM shows that there are some differences in the detailed characters of the sculpture of the outer stomatal ledge, inner margins of out stomatal ledges and cuticular membranes, which are of some values for identifying species or varieties in the three genera. It is found that seed shapes arecomparatively similar in the three genera, i. e., usually discoid orcompressed-reniform. However, differences are observed in the sculpture of seed coats. Three types are recognized as follows: reticulate sculpture (Physalis); rugulate sculpture ( C.annuum); reticulate-cavernulous sculpture (T. anomalum) .These differences can serve as one of the criteria to identify the three genera. The present paper discusses the taxonomic significance of these characters in the three genera based on our results.