俄国自由主义思想史论纲

Outline of the History of Russian Liberalism

自由主义之于俄国具有特殊的意义。在俄语中,“自由主义”和“自由”概念有一个演变过程。官方自由主义是18世纪60年代始流行于俄国宫廷和上层统治阶级内部的一种政治思潮和政治传统,对俄国历史发展产生了重要的影响。自由主义在俄国只是势力强大的保守主义和政治激进主义的附属品,俄国自由主义主要关注的是具体实践,而不是理论创建,俄国仅仅是西方自由主义思想和理论的实验室。

Liberalism is of special significance to Russia. In Russian, the concepts of ＇ liberalism＇ and ＇ liberty＇ experienced a process of evolution. Since the 1760s, the official liberalism, which had an important inlluence to the development of Russian history, had been a popular political thought and a political tradition in the Russian court and upper ruling class. Liberalism was but an appendage to the powerful conservatism and political radicalism in Russia. Russian liberalism mainly focused on the practice rather than the creation of theory and Russia was merely the labomtory of western liberalism ideology and theory.