中国蝠蛾属昆虫的种类和地理分布研究

STUDIES ON THE CHINESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEPIALUS AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

中国分布的蝠蛾属Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓ（鳞翅目：蝙蝠蛾科），是一类重要的资源昆虫，其幼虫被中华虫草菌Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ）Ｓａｃｃ．寄生感病后形成的虫菌结合体，是我国特产的名贵药材──冬虫夏草。在我国，已知蝠蛾３６种，所有的种类均为古北种；其中３３种是青藏高原地区分布种，是中国的特有类群，占已知种的９１．７％；中亚地区种２个，占５．６％；欧亚地区分布种１个，占２．７％。我国的蝠蛾属主要分布于青藏高原内的西藏、青海、云南、四川、甘肃等省（区）的高寒草甸之中；零星分布于新疆、黑龙江、内蒙古等省（区）的草原中；全部种类都营土壤内生活。在我国，９５％的蝠蛾种类分布区域十分狭窄，常常是不同山脉就形成不同的种类，甚至是同一山脉不同坡向、不同海拔就会形成完全不同的种类。该属昆虫在中国的分布中心是青藏高原东部的横断山系内，位于北纬２７°～３３°，东经９５°～１０３°之间的区域中，占已知种的８０％。幅蛾垂直分布明显，分布下限在纬度偏南地区海拔约３０００ｍ，而偏北地区则约２５００ｍ；分布上限为海拔５１００ｍ；最适分布海拔在４０００～４８００ｍ之间；最适分布土壤是高山草甸上。蝠蛾的生态地理分布主要受食物、植被、?

The Chinese Hepialus moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) are a Kind of important resources insects, for their larvae after being infected by the fungUs Cordyceps sinensis become the traditional and rare medicinal herbs, the Chinese insect herbs. So far thirty six species are known in China, and all are palaearctic species. Among them thirty three are endemic to China and restricted to western part of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau, two species are known from central asia and one species from Euro-asian area. The Chinese Hepialus mathly occur in the Alpine meadows of Xizang, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu, while a small amount of them scattered in the plastures of Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), etc.Nearly ninety five percent of the Chinese Hepialus has a very narrow range of distrbution, usually different species are known among different mountain ranges,even from different sides and habitats of the same mountain. We conclude that the distributional centre of this genus is Transhimalaya Mountains, located between 27°～29°N. lat. and 95°～103° E. longitude.This area is concentric with eighty percent of known Hepialus. The vertical distribution of these lepidopterans ranges from the lowest elevation of 3000m in southern area and circa 2500m in northern area to the highest elevation of 5100m, and with optimal elevation range from 4000 to 4800m. The distributional range of Heptalus mainly is effected by food, vegetation,soil structure, temperature and humidity.