基于CERES-MAIZE模型的夏玉米生产水肥优化管理技术方法与应用研究

Study on Water-fertilizer Optimization and Management Technology Method of Summer Maize Production Aided by CERES-MAIZE Model

运用CERES-MAIZE模型和“均匀设计”,建立了基于模拟模型的系统优化方法,以该方法为基础研究了曲周地区的夏玉米生产在不同气象、土壤条件下的水肥管理优化技术特征。结果表明:①肥力基础高的土壤:夏玉米在足墒的情况下播种,干旱年型应重视拔节期和灌浆期的灌溉;降雨正常、多雨年型可以不灌溉。②基础肥力低的土壤:干旱年型应重视底水、拔节水和抽雄前期灌水,追施底肥和拔节肥;降雨正常年型重视拔节期灌水施肥;多雨年型结合生育期降雨状况,重视拔节期至抽雄期施肥。同时,从系统优化的角度研究一个地区不同条件下的水肥利用特征,这对评价一个地区农田生态情况提供了一种新的技术方法。

The method of system optimization was set up by using the CERES-MAIZE and uniform design, based on this the water-fertilizer optimization management technology method of the summer maize Nongdal08 production under different agrometeorological and soil conditions was studied in Quzhou. The results showed that： （1）High basic soil fertility： Irrigating water is particularly important in node elonggating and in the milk stage in arid year, and it may not be irrigated in moderate or excessive rainfall years when the summer maize was sowed in full basic soil water. （2） Low basic soil fertility： In the arid year, irrigation at sowing, node elongating and in the milk stage and fertilizing nitrogen at sowing and node elonggating stage were particularly important. In rainfall normal year, irrigation and fertihzing nitrogen at node elonggating stage were particularly important. In rainfall excessive year, fertilizing nitrogen from node elonggating to milking stage were particularly important considering rainfall in the whole growth time. At the same time, the study of using water-fertilizer under different conditions in one region from system optimization provided one new method in evaluating farmland ecology.