认知视野下多义词的词典表征方式

认知语言学理论为词典编纂提供了新的视角。本文主要探讨认知视野下多义词的词典表征问题,指出隐喻和转喻是多义现象的认知方式,应采用原型义分析法对多义词进行释义,认为多义词的义项划分不宜过细,其义项排列应再现语义辐射网络或扩展途径,反映词义演变的隐喻过程。对多义词的认知表征研究有利于触发学习者的认知图式,从而能够从整体上理解把握和使用多义词。

Cognitive linguistic theories have provided a new perspective for lexicography. This article mainly examines the dictionary presentation for polysemous words, pointing out that metaphor and metonymy are the cognitive mechanism for polysemy, and that prototype definition can be employed to explain polysemous words. It suggests that demarcation of polysemous items should not be too minute and that their senses should be ordered in such a way as to present the radial network or the extending route of n,eanings so as to reflect the process of metaphorization. The cognitive investigation into dictionary presentation for polysemous words can trigger learners＇ schema and thus enable them to understand and master those items as a whole.