雅斯贝尔斯交往视界中的教育思想及启示

The Educational Ideas in Karl Jaspers'View of Communication and their Enlightment

“交往”是雅斯贝尔斯《什么是教育》一书的核心范畴。他将交往视为真正的存在,标志着生存—超越者关系,交往获得了本体论上的意义。他从交往视界出发,界定了教育的内涵,反对训练与控制的教育方法,提出对话是探索真理和自我认识的途径,并强调教育要加强历史的交往,赋予大学展开“生命的精神交往”的任务。目前,中国大学存在主体性失衡与主体间性失落的问题,促进“交往”成为中国大学人的生存方式。

＂Communication＂ is the cow of the book What is Education. The author Karl Jaspers considers ＂communication＂ as a way of existence, which indicates the relationship between existence and transcendence. Therefore, the ontological meaning of the word came into being. In the perspective of communicating, the author defines education with opposition to the education method of training and controlling, proposes that the dialogue be a way of exploring the truth and recognizing oneself. The author also places emphasis on the enhancement historical communication in the process of education, and the university＇ s responsibility of promoting communication in the realms of mental life. At the present situation, the subjectivity is not balanced and the inter-subjectivity is missed among the Chinese university students. So, it is necessary to develop the communication into a way of existence in the university.