细基江篱及坛紫菜太空诱变遗传变异的RAPD分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis on the Space-Induced Gracilaria tsengiana and Porphyra haitanensis by RAPD

细基江蓠(Gracilaria tsengiana)及坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)经过卫星搭载送入太空,进行太空诱变试验,返回地面后采用RAPD技术对其基因组DNA多态性进行了检测。筛选出16个随机寡核苷酸引物进行扩增,其中细基江蓠检测出93个位点,多态位点31个,占33．3%;坛紫菜检测出84个位点,多态位点19个,占22．6%;分子量在150～2500bp之间。遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算。实验数据表明:经过太空诱变的群体与正常对照组相比,从整个基因组角度来看,其遗传多样性差异并不明显,但是太空诱变使部分位点的基因产生了较为显著的变异。研究结果证实:太空诱变能够不定向地促进基因的变异,是水产新品种选育的途径之一。

Gracilaria tsengiana and Porphyra haitanensis was sent into space by satellite to induce some mutations. Random amplifiad polymorphic DNA （RAPD） method was employed to detect the genetic variation of their genome DNA. Amplification with 16 random primers Gracilaria tsengiana produced 93 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints, 31 of which were polymorphic and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 33% ; Porphyra haitanensis produced 84 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints, 19 of which were polymorphic and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 22. 6% ; all of these fragments were varying in length from 150 -2.500bp. The genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by Nei＇s matching coefficiont method with designed computer program, and the correspondingly average genetic distance （D） was also calculated by Lynch＇s method to evaluate genetic structure. All these calculated data had indicated low genetic variations between space - induced populations and normal populations in genome, but some mutations in certain loci. Our research had proved that space induction might cause variance in gene that might be one of the approaches of aquaculture breeding.