文化与人格关系研究的若干问题

Several Issues on the Relationship between Culture and Personality

以文化学的视角审视,人格是个体在特定文化状态下的生存样态,其实质是一种文化人格,即个体在接受特定文化熏陶时,通过对特定文化的内化及个体社会化所形成的稳定的心理结构和行为方式。文化与人格的研究产生于20世纪初叶,90年代后,文化与人格研究领域呈现出多层面、跨学科的研究态势,跨文化层面、文化间层面和文化内层面上的人格研究同时进行,并均有突破性进展。文化与人性的关系、人格结构的普遍性、文化与人格相互作用的机制、跨文化的普遍性人格特质、文化间的差异与典型人格的关系等问题成为这一研究的重点和热点。

From the perspective of culture, personality is the existing pattern of an individual in the given cultural status, whose essenee is the personality of eulture. That is, personality is a stable psyehological strueture and behavior manner formed by inner aeeeptanee of given eulture and individual socialization when an individual is reeeiving given eultural edification. The research on eulture and personality began early in the twentieth century. Since the 1990s, the research field of culture and personality has presented a multi-level and trans-disciplinary research scene. The personality research on the levels of cross eulture, inter-culture and inside eulture has been carried out simultaneously and got breakthrough without exception. The issues sueh as the relationship between eulture and humanity, the universality of personality strueture, the inter-aetive mechanism of eulture and personality, the universal personality partieularity of eross-eulture, and the relationship between the difference of inter-culture and representative personality, have become the key and central issues of the researeh.