GIS在广西龙眼种植优化布局中的应用

Application of GIS to optimum distribution of Longan planting in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

广西具有发展龙眼的适宜气候条件,却由于品种结构和区域布局不合理而没有取得理想的经济效益。为了优化广西龙眼区域布局和品种结构,根据龙眼的生物学特性及产量与气候要素的相关分析,筛选出龙眼生长发育的限制性气候要素,确定了龙眼种植的气候区划指标。利用广西89个站点的气候资料和1∶25万地形数据,建立了区划指标的空间分析模型。在G IS平台上按1 km×1 km细网格对区划指标进行了小网格推算,并利用反距离权重插值法对其残差部分进行空间内插;将推算结果和插值结果进行迭加,实现对区划指标小网格栅格数据的订正,使推算的结果更为精确。采用G IS技术对龙眼种植区进行气候区划,该区划按种植龙眼的气候适宜性,将广西划分为最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜气候区,绘制了龙眼优化布局的细网格区划专题图。在此基础上,进一步对龙眼品种的优化布局问题进行研究探讨,给出了比较合理的早、中、晚熟品种的适宜种植范围,并分区进行评价和提出相应的建议。研究结果为广西龙眼生产提供了科学的依据。

There are favorable climatic conditions for Logan planting in Guangxi Zhuang Autonornous Region, but it does not acquire the ideal economic benefit because of irrational variety structure and regional distribution. The intention of this paper is to study how to optimize the regional distribution and variety structure of Longan planting in Guangxi Region. Based on the biological characteristics of Longan and the corelation analysis between Longan yield and climatic factors, it was selected that the limiting climatic factors of longan growth and the key climatic factors that affect its yield, then the climatic zoning indices of Longan growth were ascertained. Using the climatic data of the 89 weather stations in Guangxi and the data of landform on the scale of 1： 250000, the spatial analytical model of zoning indices was built. The zoning indices include the following geographic parameters： longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, etc. On the GIS platform, the zoning indices were calculated according to the grids of 1 km × 1 km, and the differences were reckoned by the spatial interpolation method with anti-distance weight. Thereafter, the results of calculation and differences were added, it realized the revision of zoning indices to the data of small grid and made the result more accurate. Supported by the GIS technique, the zoning for Longan planting region was done. Guangxi was divided into the optimum, fit, sub-fit and unfit climatic regions according to climatic adaptability of Longan, and small grid zoning map for special topics was drawn. On the basis of above, the optimum variety distribution of Longan planting in Guangxi was studied, and the rational planting regions for the varieties of early, middle and late mature Longan were divided, and the analysis, evaluation and related planting suggestions for every region were made. The results of this study provide the scientific basis for optimizing the distribution of Longan planting in Guangxi Region.