城市生活垃圾堆肥过程中腐熟度指标及控制参数

Maturity indexes and operational parameters during composting municipal solid waste

以日处理400t经马家楼筛分处理后的15～60mm生活垃圾的北京南宫堆肥厂垃圾堆肥过程为研究对象，对堆肥过程中垃圾的理化性质、腐熟度指标与控制参数进行了研究。结果表明，堆肥过程中水分含量是下降的；不同季节堆肥pH值的总体变化均呈上升趋势；电导率（EC）降到了作物受抑制的限定值以下，不会对作物产生盐分毒害；堆肥水浸提的腐殖酸E4／E6值随着垃圾堆肥腐熟度升高呈增加趋势；24h和96h的发芽率指数（GI）表明垃圾堆肥时间可以从8周缩短到5周；有机碳、总氮和C／N比随着堆肥时间的增加均呈下降趋势；C／N比与E4／E6值和GI（24h和96h）值呈显著负相关关系，EC值与E4／E6值和GI（24h和96h）值呈极显著负相关，而E4／E6值与GI（24h和96h）值呈极显著正相关。

Using Municipal Solid Waste（MSW） compost as testing materials from Nangong Compost Plant in Beijing which can treat 400t MSW of granularity 15-60 mm everyday, the physical and chemical characteristics, maturity indexes and operational parameters of MSW compost were studied in composting process. During the composting, the content of water reduced, the variety of pH value had an increasing tendency in different seasons, EC value was below the plant limits and will not produce salt toxic action. The E4/E6 ratio had an increasing tendency with the maturity of compost. Germination indexes at 24 h and 96 h showed the maturity time of MSW composting may be shortened from eight weeks to five weeks. With the composting time, the contents of total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and C/N ratio had a decreasing tendency. C/N ratio was negatively correlated with E4/E6 ratio and germination indexes at 24 h and 96 h, EC had extremely remarkable negative correlation with E4/E6 ratio and germination indexes at 24 h and 96 h, but E4/E6 ratio was extremely remarkably positively correlated with germination indexes at 24 h and 96 h.