带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔在全膝关节置换术后感染中的应用

Application experience for treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty with antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer

目的总结带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔治疗全膝关节置换术后感染的早期经验。方法2004年6月至2005年4月,采用二期翻修术治疗5例全膝关节置换术后感染患者。男1例,女4例;年龄57～75岁,平均67岁。一期手术彻底清创,取出假体,置入带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔物。术后患者早期部分负重,关节屈曲活动。术后选用敏感抗生素静脉滴注6周,感染控制后再植入高限制性假体。结果患者中3例基础病因为类风湿关节炎,其中2例长期服用激素;余2例基础病因为骨关节炎,都有糖尿病。所有患者术前都曾出现过窦道,其中2例有窦道封闭现象。所有患者均未发现与骨水泥间隔相关的骨折、脱位及不稳定。两次手术间隔期为12～20周,平均15周。在间隔期,5例患者都能扶拐行走和屈曲膝关节,活动度平均为95°,平均膝关节协会评分(kneesocietyscores,KSS)81分。再植入术后平均随访时间为10个月,目前尚未发现复发和新的感染。结论采用带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔可以成功治疗全膝关节置换术后感染,在间歇期能保留关节活动度,最终可有效处理感染并使再植入手术更加方便。

Objective To report our early experience for treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty （TKA） using antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer. Methods From June 2004 to April 2005, 5 patients with periprosthetic knee infection were treated with 2-stage reimplantation protocol. The study group included 1 male and 4 females, with average age of 67 years （range, 57-75 years）. The initial procedure consisted of thorough debridement, removal of prosthesis and implantation of antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer. The postoperative course consisted of graduated knee motion and partial weight-bearing activity. Each patient received a 6-week course of organism-sensitive antibiotic therapy. The high restricted total knee prosthesis was reimplanted after infection controlled. Results 3 patients had a basic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and two of them took steroid for a long time. The other two patients suffered from osteoarthritis before primary TKA were both with diabetes. Sinuses were emerged in all of 5 patients and blockage phenomenon was found in two of them. There were no cases of fracture, dislocation, or instability associated with articulating cement spacer. The average time between the two stages was 15 weeks. All 5 patients were able to ambulate with assistance and flex the knee without difficulty in the interval before reimplantation. The average knee flexion was 95° and the average knee society score（KSS） was 81 points. A mean ten months follow-up was evaluated after reimplantation. There were no recurrence, or new infections after reimplantation. Conclusion Infection after a TKA can be successfully managed with an antibioticloaded articulating cement spacer and knee motion can be preserved in the interval prior to implantation. The end result is effective treatment of infection and facilitation of reimplantation.