油页岩资源的研究、开发与利用进展

Advances in oil-shale resources: development and utilization

油页岩以丰富的资源、有利的特性和开发利用的可行性而被列为21世纪非常重要的接替能源。油页岩全球蕴藏资源量约有100 000亿t,比煤资源量多40%;页岩油资源量约为4750亿t,比传统石油多50%以上。油页岩开采和应用有近200年历史,开采技术日趋成熟,综合利用经验丰富,由直接开采方式发展到地下转化开采技术,从单纯的能源利用发展到综合利用,极大地提高了资源利用率,降低了成本,减少了环境污染。世界能源的紧缺和国际油价的居高不下更是油页岩工业再度崛起的催化剂。中国油页岩探明资源量约315亿t,位居世界第四,资源潜力十分巨大,应加强地质研究,了解资源分布规律,借鉴国外先进技术,以达到合理开发和综合利用的目的。

Oil shale is one of the significant alternative energy resources in the 21^st century because of its enormous reserves, convenient development and utilization. Statistics show that the natural resources of oil shale around the world is about 10 × 10^12 t （40% more than coal）, in comparison with shale oil about 4750× 10^8t （50% more than traditional petroleum）. Over 200 years, the development technology and the comprehensive utilization of oil shale have been mature, from primary direct recovery to advanced subsurface-conversion technology and from simple energy application to multiple-purpose application. These result in energy utilization ratio increasing, cost and environmental pollution reducing dramatically. Also the severe energy crisis and continued high-oil-price have boosted the oil shale industry. China has enormous potential resources of oil shale, the proven reserves （about 315× 10^8t） being the fourth in the world. In order to reasonably develop and utilize these resources, it is necessary to strengthen the research of geology and resources distribution and use the foreign advanced experiences for reference.