摘要
背景：先天性脊柱后凸和继发性脊柱侧后凸畸形并不常见，但有潜在的严重性。因为随着年龄的增长，畸形可能加重并有截瘫的危险。我们对这些畸形的治疗使用单一后路切口，结合肋骨横突切除入路，同期完成前、后路半椎体切除或脊柱截骨术，术后进行前和（或）后路融合内固定术。据我们所知，这种手术入路尚未有过报道。方法：1988至2002年，在我们中心接受治疗的先天性脊柱后凸和继发性脊柱侧后凸患儿16例，对他们的病史和影像学资料进行分析。手术时的平均年龄是12岁。诊断为先天性脊柱后凸14例，由于手术失败引起的继发性脊柱侧后凸畸形2例。术前平均后凸畸形为65°（范围，25°～160°），平均侧凸为47°（范围，7°-160°）。15例通过单一的后路切口及肋骨横突切除入路，完成脊椎切除或截骨术、后路内固定加前、后路融合术。另1例接受椎体切除术时年龄太小，未做脊柱固定术。最后用自创的简化评分表评价手术结果。结果：平均随访时间为60．1个月。术后平均后凸畸形校正为31。（范围，0°-82°），侧凸畸形校正为25。（范围，0°-68°）。4例出现并发症：1例后路内固定失败，需要翻修，1例下肢出现感觉麻木，2例后期出现融合远端骨盆倾斜加重。用简化评分表根据患者满意度评价手术结果，满意13例，可2例，差1例。结论：同期前、后路经肋骨横突切除入路是一种有难度但安全、用途广泛和有效的手术入路，在治疗复杂的胸椎后凸畸形方面效果明显，神经损伤的危险性小。可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅳ级。进一步可信度参见作者介绍。
Background： Congenital kyphosis and acquired kyphoscoliotic deformities are uncommon but are potentially serious because of the risk of progressive deformity and possible paraplegia with growth. Our current approach for the treatment of these deformities is to use a single posterior incision and costotransversectomy to provide access for simultaneous anterior and posterior resection of a hemivertebra or spinal osteotomy, followed by anterior and/or posterior instrumentation and arthrodesis. To our knowledge, this approach has not been reported previously. Methods： The medical records and radiographs for sixteen patients who had been managed at our institution for the treatment of congenital kyphosis and acquired kyphoscoliosis between 1988 and 2002 were analyzed. The mean age at the time of surgery was twelve years. The diagnosis was congenital kyphosis for fourteen patients and acquired kyphoscoliotic deformities following failed previous surgery for two. The mean preoperative kyphotic deformity was 65° （range, 25° to 160°）, and the mean scoliotic deformity was 47°（range, 7° to 160°）. Fifteen patients were managed with vertebral resection or osteotomy through a single posterior approach and costotransversectomy, anterior and posterior arthrodesis, and posterior segmental spinal instrumentation. The other patient was too small for spinal instrumentation at the time of vertebral resection. A simplified outcome score was created to evaluate the results. Results： The mean duration of follow-up was 60.1 months. The mean correction of the major kyphotic deformity was 31° （range, 0° to 82°）, and the mean correction of the major scoliotic deformity was 25° （range, 0° to 68°）. Complications occurred in four patients; the complications included failure of posterior fixation requiring revision （one patient）, lower extremity dysesthesias （one patient）, and late progressive pelvic obliquity caudad to the fusion （two patients）. The outcome, which was determined with use of a simplified outcomes score on the basis of patient satisfaction, was rated as satisfactory for thirteen patients, fair for two patients, and poor for one patient. Conclusions： A simultaneous anterior and posterior approach through a costotransversectomy is a challenging but safe, versatile, and effective approach for the treatment of complex kyphotic deformities of the thoracic spine, and it minimizes the risk of neurologic injury. Level of Evidence： Therapeutic Level Ⅳ. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence
