盐胁迫对2种扁桃植物苗期离子吸收及叶绿体超微结构的影响

Effects of Salt Stress on Ion Absorption and the Ultrastructure of Chloroplast in Leaves of Two Almond Plants

温室条件下,用NaCl和Na2SO4处理石头扁桃和桃扁桃,处理浓度分别是:150,300,350 mmol/L,处理10 d后测定无机离子含量,并观察叶绿体超微结构的变化。研究发现:①NaCl胁迫下,两个供试材料叶片中Na+,Cl-含量及Na+/K+均随盐浓度的增加而增加,K+含量随盐浓度增加下降,石头扁桃叶片中无机离子含量变化幅度大于桃扁桃;Na2SO4胁迫下,石头扁桃叶片中Na+,SO42-,K+含量及Na+/K+的变化规律与NaCl胁迫下一致,桃扁桃K+含量随盐浓度增加而增加,Na+/K+在盐胁迫下却升高。②盐胁迫后,叶绿体基粒、基质片层扭曲,类囊体肿胀;随盐浓度的增加,形变加剧,叶绿体由椭圆形肿胀成圆形,叶绿体膜解体,石头扁桃叶绿体对盐胁迫比较敏感。综合分析发现,两种盐对植物造成伤害的机理不同,石头扁桃的耐盐能力差。

Under greenhouse conditions, Amygdalus communis L. and A. communis var. Persiooides were treated with NaCl and Na2SO4 at concentration of 150,300 and 350 mmol/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll and mineralion, photosynthesis efficiency were measured, the changes of chlorophyll body were looked into after ten-day treatment. The results showed that ：① OUnder Nacl stress, the content of Na^＋ ,Cl^-and the ratio of Na^＋/K^＋ was increased with salt concentration increasing, the change of K^＋ had contrary regular. The change extent of Amygdalus communis L. was larger; Under Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na^＋ ,SO2^2- ,K^＋ and the ratio of Na^＋/K^＋ of Amygdalus communis L. was increased with salt concentration increasing, as for A. comrnunis var. Persiooides. the content of K^＋ was increased with salt concentration increasing, the ratio of Na^＋/K^＋ was higher than that of CK. ②Under salt stress, thylakoids became swollen, stroma lamella and grana lamella of chloroplast were distorted; with salt concentration increasing, the deformation was severe, the figure of chloroplast swelled, from ellipse to rotundity, the chloroplast membrane dissolved. The chloroplast of Amygdalus communis L. was more sensitive to salt than A. communis var. Persiooides. By comprehensive comparing, the mechanisms of NaCl and Na2SO4 stress were different, the salt-tolerance of Amygdalus communis L. was lower.