美国对外贸易的理念和货物贸易的基本格局

The Idea of U.S. Foreign Trade and the Fundamental Pattern of U.S. Foreign Merchandise Trade

自由贸易是美国对外贸易的基本理念。贸易自由化是战后美国对外贸易政策的基本特征,原因在于贸易自由化每年给美国带来1万亿美元左右的收益。对美国货物贸易的基本格局可以从五个方面认识:美国是世界上进出口规模最大的国家;美国进口规模比出口规模对世界经济的影响更大;美国是世界上最大的贸易逆差国,享受了世界最多的物质财富;美国贸易条件的变动表明对外贸易格局有利于美国;美国进口规模扩大与产业结构升级的结合演变为美国结构性增长优势。

Free trade is the basic idea of U.S. foreign trade. The trade liberalization is the basic feature since the World War Ⅱ. The reason is that the trade liberalization can bring one trillion U.S dollars income to Americans every year. In 2005 the U.S. merchandise trade reached $2.57 trillion and its deficit reached $766 billion on a census basis and S781 billion on a balance-of-payments basis （BOP） . For 2005, the trade deficit on goods reached 5.7% of gross domestic product. We can get five recognitions from the fundamental pattern of U.S. merchandise trade. The U.S. is the largest export and import country in the world. The import scale of U.S. has much more influence than its export scale. The U.S. is the largest trade deficit country in the world, but it enjoys most material wealth in the world. The changes of the U.S. terms of trade show again that the pattern of U.S. foreign trade benefits the U.S.