海洛因成瘾者社区美沙酮维持治疗脱失和保持的定性研究

Qualitative Study of Factors Contributed to Retention in a Community-based Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Heroin Users

目的:了解四川省西昌市海洛因成瘾者社区美沙酮维持治疗脱失和保持情况及其影响因素。方法:2005年12月-2006年1月,从四川省西昌市美沙酮维持治疗社区中分别选取87名参加维持治疗的吸毒者和50名相关社区人员进行美沙酮维持治疗脱失和保持情况及影响因素的个人深入访谈。结果:西昌市参加社区美沙酮维持治疗的吸毒者脱失的主要原因是因偷吸而被强制戒毒和外出;保持的主要影响因素是参加治疗的吸毒者主动与吸毒伙伴减少来往和积极工作。社区对美沙酮的主要影响因素是美沙酮维持治疗的知晓和了解程度低、对参加治疗的吸毒者仍存在偏见。结论:应对美沙酮维持治疗的参加者开展干预服务提高保持率,同时加大社区宣传减少社会偏见。

Objective： To identify factors contributed to retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） among heroin users in Xichang county, Sichuan province. Methods： From December, 2005 to January, 2006, eighty-seven drug users and fifty residents were recruited from a MMT community. In-depth interview was used to collect information about factors that related to retention during MMT. Results： Among drug users, incarceration in detoxification and education centers because of using drug and outgoing during treatment were the main reasons of drop-out; factors contributed to retention included less contacting with the drug using peer and finding job. Factors that can affect MMT had low level of MMT knowledge and prejudice to MMT patients in the community. Conclusion： Intervention service and education should be provided to MMT patients to increase retention and to community to reduce discrimination, respectively.